https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/ Resistance Literature en daily 1 Wed, 23 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Wed, 23 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726554.html Language is a great social phenomenon that is inevitable for communication. Over time, audiences, based on the capabilities and facilities that language provides them, have introduced new words and phrases for more effective communication. If these words meet the needs of the audience in different periods, they continue to thrive. If, for any reason, they do not receive attention, they become secluded and make way for other words. This cycle always occurs over time in every language. Cultural writing is a thought-provoking concept related to this social phenomenon. On the one hand, it serves as a means to preserve and sustain words and phrases from the ravages of time. On the other hand, it becomes a practical resource for various audiences. Literature of sustainability is a relatively new literary genre in Persian literature with extensive research potential. The research methodology in this article is foundational, carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library research. The authors of this article delve into the important topic of cultural writing in literature of sustainability and explain its necessity and applications. As a result, during the study of various texts, many rare and valuable words were discovered that have not appeared in any culture before. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726555.html Folklore literature is a part of folk culture that is often transmitted orally. The current concern is the underdevelopment of the production, use and forgetting of the design of rural Saveh carpets. This research is qualitative in terms of its fundamental purpose and its nature, and the logic of its reasoning is descriptive-analytical with an approach to "explanation struggle". The method of collecting sources was based on documentary studies, field studies and interviews in line with the orders and menus of the Supreme Leader regarding the jihad of explanation with the tools of art as a necessity of research, with the aim of preserving, reviving and transferring cultural heritage to future generations and attracting public opinion through the media. The carpet was made using the cultural capacities of "Mararghaei" village in Saveh county. In this research process, the attempt was to answer two questions. 1. What is the relationship between Nobaran Saveh carpet motifs and folklore literature? 2. How can identity-oriented and up-to-date concepts of society be used to preserve and revive Nobaran carpets? Due to the superiority of language over writing, scrolls containing folklore stories were transmitted in spoken form and then entered the literature in the form of verse and prose. Also, the use of stories such as the biography of "Hakim Tilim Khan" in the form of poems in the design of the carpet maps of Nobaran not only introduces the audience to the existing cultural capacities, but also in visual carpets, it has brought creativity, innovation and modernity to the rugs of the region. The author of these native themes added to the cultural richness of the region by creating a link between poetry, carpets and music, and with his poem on the edge of the carpet and the use of identity and native concepts, he introduced it as a means of transferring cultural heritage to future generations and a means of soft defense. does It should be noted that the statistical population of the research was the villages of Nobaran section of Saveh city and the target population of this research was Maraghaei village of Bayat district. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726556.html The purpose of designing war museums is not limited to presenting aesthetic architecture; rather, it extends to evoking the harsh realities and significant historical events associated with war. This article delves into the history and evolution of museums in Iran, focusing on their profound impact on national identity. It employs a descriptive-analytical approach, wherein data has been meticulously collected and analyzed based on the literature on resilience and resistance, the Second Step of the Revolution statement, and the Iran Vision 2025 document. A comprehensive framework and criteria are offered that effectively reflect the culture and values of the Sacred Defense era. The study examines examples of Sacred Defense museums in Iran and compares them with war museums in other countries. Notably, the Tehran Garden Museum of Sacred Defense stands out for its superior performance compared to both domestic and international counterparts, particularly in enhancing quality of life and urban spaces, where other examples exhibit weaknesses. The findings underscore the vital role that Sacred Defense museums play in society, serving as dynamic spaces for disseminating the principles of resilience and heroism, allowing visitors to engage deeply with the ethos of that significant historical period. In a time when the necessity to uphold and promote the values of the Sacred Defense is more urgent than ever, these museums emerge as crucial institutions that not only connect the past to the present but also ensure that these values are effectively transmitted to future generations, thus maintaining a continuous cultural and historical legacy. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726557.html Alireza Ghazveh, who is known as one of the important pillars of the third wave of revolution poetry and sacred defense. He has expressed his thoughts in simple language. He has a spirit of protest and has not remained silent in front of the problems of the society and has expressed these problems mostly in the form of white and sometimes humorous poetry. In this research, using the general theory of verbal humor, which includes six basic variables, Alireza Ghazveh's humor in the Andimeshk train poetry collection is analyzed and answers these questions with a descriptive, analytical and statistical method: Based on the general theory of humor Verbally, what are the characteristics of Ghazveh's humorous poems? And what goals is Ghazveh trying to achieve by using verbal humor? Also, according to the mentioned theory, which of the components of humor did this poet use the most? And what is the sign of this? The results of the research show that six characteristics of verbal humor can be seen in Ghazveh's satirical poems, and he has expressed his objections and criticisms in the form of humor while using the elements of verbal humor. One of the distinctive features of his satirical poems is the use of irony to depict many realities and bitterness of society. We also noticed that in this collection of Ghazveh's poetry, the two components of opposition and logical mechanism are used more than other components, and these two components played a very important role in making his poetry humorous. So that it can be mentioned as a stylistic indicator of this type of his satirical poems. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726558.html Semiotics is one of the sciences that can be used to understand the meaning of cultural symbols and allusions in poets' poems. The concept of semiotics is the most important concept that Yuri Lutman, a researcher and semiotician, has addressed. In the semiotics, attention is paid to one's culture and another, or culture and non-culture; cultural semiotics is the starting point for the correct interpretation of a literary text. The importance of the role of cultural symbols, It is in expressing the mental content and conveying it correctly to the audience. In this process, elements of culture find centrality and centrality, and other elements are marginalized. Among the poets of Iranian sustainability literature, Salman Herati is a prominent figure. He uses From the cultural signs, he has tried to teach students about sustainable literature. The cultural signs influenced by nature in Herati's works, while preserving and elevating the native culture, removes the symbols of foreign culture from the space of the native culture and tries to expand the sustainable literature by engineering the mind. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and quantitative statistics, examines the role of cultural semiotics of sustainable literature words in engineering children's minds with regard to Salman Herati's poems; also, Herati's method in engineering children's minds and the effect it had on their unconscious mind. The result shows this effect according to the association of words of sustainability literature. The analysis of the cultural signs of Herati's poems from the perspective of symbolization, texture and Lutman's sphere of signs theory, shows that Herati, by using the two characteristics of naturalism and the job of a teacher and close relationship with students, with dynamic cultural signs that have the power to influence children's minds, has been able to reduce the psychological damage caused by the war on children's subconscious mind and by erasing bad memories and replacing them with stylized words of sustainability literature, provide mental health and engineering of the minds of its audience; the cultural signs in Salman Herati's poems according to Sepehr's theory of Lutman's signs, are also fruitful It has been influential in the poetry and thought of sustainable literature during the war years. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726559.html The horse, this noble and faithful steed from the long and lost millennia of Iranshahr's history, has always had a great place among Iranians, to the point where they consider it to be an Ahura creature and have sacrificed it many times at the feet of the gods. The role of the horse in the lyrical and epic literature of the ancient people has been very impressive; In such a way that in order to honor the horse, they used to draw the riders on the horses in the carvings and paintings on their dishesThe horse is considered sacred in the religions of Mithraism, Mazdasena, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and it has played a significant role in the good and evil, continuity, happiness and misfortune, and the death and life of many prophets and saints, kings and heroes. The horses of the warriors are everywhere in the Shahnameh or other lyrical works, Kuh Pima, Qovi Joteh, Pilten, Badpa, Tiztag, Rehwar, Bahush, Polad Susum, etc In this essay, the authors first gave an introduction about the importance and position of the horse among different nations and peoples, especially in the development of Iranian history, and then discussed the relationship between the warrior and the horse in epic-lyrical works, in several stories of the Shahnameh, as well as mythological, legendary, symbolic and human personality beliefs, the species of horses and their connection with the divine fur. The necessity and research objectives of this article are presented in a library method and in an analytical form... https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_727370.html Endurance literature reflects the spirit of struggle and defense in humans. Fantasy literature includes fictional stories with the theme of human encounters with surreal and unreal characters. Among them, there is a type of imaginative endurance literature that few people have researched and studied. Children have different needs and expectations from reading a fantasy story, depending on their gender. In Stevens' schema, literary needs are studied separately for gender. These needs appear more vividly in the story during times of war and battle with enemies. As in endurance stories, the perspective of the narrator of the girl and the boy is different from each other. The perspective of the girls is cautious, patient, and fearful. However, the stories that are examined from the perspective of the boys have characteristics including: the characters are hasty, act prematurely, and are devoid of feelings and emotions. As a result, sustainable fantasy stories that appeal to both boys and girls are directly related to the narrator's perspective, and the more calm and subtle the story is, the more girls it will attract, while the more excitement and daring the story and fantasy events are, the more boys it will attract. This research was conducted on books in age groups "A", "B" and "C" that had fantastic imagination and sustainability aspects, and the research method was library-based. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_727445.html Although “resistance literature” is a relatively new literary term whose theorization dates back to the contemporary era or slightly earlier, the concepts of resistance and steadfastness in the face of adversity and threats to the material and spiritual life of human beings have always manifested throughout history. This claim can be substantiated by referring to the surviving texts of various epochs and nations—among them, the ancient texts of Iran, which are replete with themes that support this spiritual, innate (and at times instinctive) aspect of human nature.The aim of this study is to identify the foundational contexts for the emergence of resistance literature in ancient Iranian texts, through a case study of the *Kārnāmeh-ye Ardeshīr-e Bābakān*. This analysis employs a descriptive-analytical method based on contextual and componential approaches in literary criticism, along with content analysis.The *Kārnāmeh-ye Ardeshīr-e Bābakān* presents a narrative account of the dynastic transition from the Parthians to the Sasanians. Findings of this research indicate that the text contains eleven prominent themes and components of resistance: confronting falsehood and oppression, reliance on religion and metaphysical beliefs, opposition to tyranny, depiction of enemy insults, condemnation of traitors, return to innate nature, resistance unto death, loyalty and honoring the loyal, military secrecy, warfare and struggle, and national identity formation.Among these components, religious themes and religious-national identity play the most significant role in shaping resistance literature. This study demonstrates that resistance literature is rooted in the beliefs and religious-national identity of ancient humans, and the *Kārnāmeh-ye Ardeshīr-e Bābakān* stands as one of the earliest and most significant examples of such literature. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_728166.html This research examines the impact of the Quran and resistance literature on the formation of collective identity and cultural resistance. Resistance literature, as a symbol of devotion to national ideals and values, plays a key role in strengthening the spirit of steadfastness and social cohesion. This genre of literature, by focusing on concepts such as hope, dynamism, and perseverance, is considered an effective tool in confronting identity and cultural threats. The present study, using a content analysis approach, identifies the religious and historical components of resistance literature and examines their impact on the formation of collective identity from various aspects. Furthermore, the role of religious symbols, patriotic themes, and memories of the Revolution and the Sacred Defense in strengthening cultural resistance is highlighted. The research findings indicate that concepts such as unity, the call to struggle, and hope for the future in resistance literature, especially in connection with the teachings of the Quran, have acted as key elements in strengthening collective identity and cultural resistance. This approach is aligned with the high-level documents of the education system, particularly the "Fundamental Reform Document of Education," which emphasizes nurturing a generation committed to Iranian-Islamic culture. The present research seeks to provide a clear picture of the impact of the Quran and resistance literature on the formation of collective identity and cultural resistance and to offer new perspectives for literary scholars. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_728214.html The epic, as one of the main literary genres, has had special and numerous manifestations in Persian poetry. Although this genre has created the greatest splendor in the Khorasani style, it has also manifested itself in some aspects of social and literary behavior and speech in the literature of recent centuries. In recent years, the epic has been introduced in various forms and in a new definition it can be introduced with other principles. This article attempts to examine the tone and general appearance of epic in Iranian society during the years (1209 to 1313 AH) by introducing and analyzing influential cultural and political events along with examining significant literary works during the reign of the first four kings of the Qajar dynasty (Agha Mohammad Khan, Fath Ali Shah, Mohammad Shah, and Naser al-Din Shah). Accordingly, in the introduction of the article, a general and different definition of epic is presented and possible manifestations of epic are introduced. After that, the epic tone in the behavior of the kings and Iranian society of this period is analyzed. In the second part, various aspects of the emergence of epic in the literature of the mentioned period are briefly introduced. The results show that during this period, due to political defeats in wars and also in confrontations with colonial governments, the tone of politicians and government statements was mostly conservative and unenthusiastic, and instead, the Iranian epic tone was transferred to popular movements and religious and return literature; however, in many literary works, including Ta'ziyya and Ashura works, a kind of mysticism, trust-centeredness, and satisfaction have replaced the epic view. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_728358.html Resistance literature is a symbol of stability against inequalities. The writing type of such literary creations is epic-narrative type. One of these works is the book "The Lady and the Commander" in which the author (Maryam Gurbanzadeh) narrated the life and deeds of "Umm al-Binin Hosseini", the wife of the martyr Alireza Tusli/Abu Hamid (commander of the Fatemiyoun Army), which is part of the work's profile. It is an epic with a narrative style. Therefore, the upcoming research has looked at Khatoon's book with an analytical-explanatory method from the perspective of linguistic and literary realm (style) and intellectual realm (school). After analyzing how the book was written, this essay highlighted the strengths of the work with a documentary and standard literary criticism, analyzed its arrays, and considered the achievement of the research to give importance to the coherent and structured writings of resistance literature, which can be a basis for reliability. To be sustainable in literature. It is also important to explain the realist events and surrealist idealisms of the book because the literature of resistance and works of sustainability will remain. As a result, the researcher has recognized the purpose of the author to motivate the movement and rise against oppression. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_728505.html The main theme of this research was to analyze and analyze the structure of verses and narratives in the sacred defense story " Life Was Good " based on narration structuralism ; therefore, since most of the researches in the field of sacred defense fiction have somewhat generalized It seems or remains as much as the introduction of the elements of the story. In this study, we first look at the narrative structure and the narrative structure for the first time, relying on the modern patterns of structuralism and narration that are considered as a novelty in literary criticism. In the novel "Life Was Good ", please refer to Hassan Rahimpour. So, first, while introducing the constructive theories of gratis and the hypothesis of the hypothesis of the genre, Lint Volt and Gerard Genette, a brief history of structuralism and narration in fictional literature will be referred to, and then two (communicative and discontinuous) communication in the pyramid structure Will be analyzed and analyzed. In the following, based on the research theory, while reviewing the structure of the plot, we aim to look at the pattern based on the narrative and its functions in this novel. The stream of ‘Sacred Defense’ literature is never-ending .It is a continuous stream of sacred defense-themed works in various formats. One of these works is a novel and a story. Although much fiction has been written and still is being written on the sacred defense. This research that examines the structure of these novels through narrative structuralism theories. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_726861.html The literature of sustainability is a term derived from the literature of resistance, which entered Persian literature from contemporary Arabic literature. Researchers do not agree about the origin and beginning of this term. Some trace the history of resistance literature to Ignorant literature, and others to the contemporary era. In addition, there is a difference of opinion on the definition of resistance literature and, consequently, Persian literature. So far, many researches have been carried out with the aim of achieving a precise definition and determining the scope of sustainability literature. So far, many researches have been done with the aim of achieving a precise definition and determining the scope of sustainability literature. To achieve this goal, first, the most important keywords and recurring concepts in various definitions of sustainability literature were extracted. To achieve this goal, first, the most important keywords and recurring concepts in various definitions of sustainability literature were extracted. According to the results of the research, sustainability literature has the most similarities in terms of socialism, objectivism, connection with the past, and the reporting of "his" narrative with epic literatu. important keywords and recurring concepts in various definitions of sustainability literature were extracted. According to the results of the research, sustainability literature has the most similarities in terms of socialism, objectivism, connection with the past, and the reporting of "his" narrative with epic literatu https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_729865.html Resistance Currents in the Poetry of Shu'ubiyyah Poets| Niloofar Ansari1 | Ahmad Amiri khorasani2 Article Info ABSTRACTArticle type:Research ArticleArticle history:Keywords:Shuubieh poets,Currents of Resistance,Word Love of homeland,Language and identity,Social criticism.Objective: Shoubieh poetry, a significant movement in Persian literature, reflects Iranian cultural and identity efforts against Arab dominance in early Islamic centuries. Championing Iranian culture, these poets emphasized the Persian language, employing national and historical themes to express patriotism and resist oppression, thus showcasing their literary and cultural values. This research examines the construction and expression of Iranian cultural identity within Shoubieh poetry, seeking a deeper understanding of nationalistic sentiments in their works.Methods: This research analyzes sustainable trends in Shu'ubiyyah poetry using a descriptive-analytical approachConclusions: The poetry of the Shoubiyyah movement is characterized by love for their homeland, language, and identity, alongside social criticism and cross-cultural influences. They championed the Persian language and celebrated Iranian history, while also addressing social issues and inequalities. Though protective of their national identity, the Shoubiyyah poets embraced Arabic and other cultural influences, enriching their poetic works.TextCite this article: Ansari, Niloofar, Amiri Khorasani,Ahmad. (2025). Sustainable Currents in the Poetry of Shu'ubiyyah Poets.Journal of Resistance Literature https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_731716.html This study aims to examine the quality of the reflection of resistance in Afghan press poetry. As an influential medium, press poetry has played a crucial role in mirroring historical events and articulating the discourse of resistance amid Afghanistan’s political and social crises. Accordingly, this research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and revisiting prominent periodicals such as Seraj al-Akhbar, Zhwandun, Dur-e Dari, and Simurgh, explores the major themes of resistance in these poetic works. The findings reveal that the concepts of resistance in Afghan press poetry are manifested through central motifs such as the rejection of domestic despotism and exposure of oppression, open criticism of war and violence, the sanctification of resistance and defense of the homeland, the narration of ethnic pain and discrimination, the tragic reflection of exile and identity crisis, and the awareness toward imposed peaces and soft occupations. By employing various linguistic and literary techniques—such as metaphor, symbol, bitter satire, and an ironic tone—the poets have succeeded not only in creating artistic works but also in fulfilling their social role as the “conscience of society.” Ultimately, the research concludes that Afghan press poetry, beyond being a purely literary expression, has served as an effective instrument for intellectual mobilization, documentation of contemporary history, preservation of collective memory, and reinforcement of the spirit of resistance among the people of this land. It thus stands as an integral part of the literary heritage of resistance literature in the Persian-speaking world of Afghanistan. https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_731728.html Analysis of Resistance Literature Components in the Poetry of Hoseyn MonzaviAbstractThis study aims to analyze the components of resistance literature in the poems of Hoseyn Monzavi, examining the lesser-known dimensions of this contemporary poet's work. The research method is qualitative with a content analysis approach, and the study's corpus is the complete works of Hoseyn Monzavi. The findings indicate that Monzavi, by using his unique symbols, allegories, and metaphors, has depicted the components of resistance across several ideological and linguistic layers. These components include the call for self-reclamation, idealism and justice-seeking, anti-tyranny, patriotism, religious and national symbols and allegories, a mythical approach, a hopeful outlook, and the concept of martyrdom.This research demonstrates that Monzavi, as a committed poet, has been able to express the fundamental concepts of resistance literature through the form of the ghazal. Resistance literature in his poetry is not merely a slogan but an intellectual current that intertwines internal and external struggle, teaching the reader self-belief and resilience against oppression.Hossein Monzavi, with his unique combination of lyrical and social literature, has become one of the most important poets of Iranian sustainable literature.An influential poet who has paved the way for other poets.Keywords: Resistance literature, Hoseyn Monzavi, contemporary poetry, components of resistance poetry https://rrl.soore.ac.ir/article_732978.html The study of characters based on the theory of action and its types has not been studied much in contemporary fiction. Therefore, the theory of social action of Max Weber, a prominent German sociologist, will be very influential in explaining the causality of the action of the story. The aim of this research is to outline the central role of rational action focused on value and the course of events, based on this theory, in the main character of the narrative of the novel of the type of Da; therefore, the question is: What are the reflections of rational action in the character of the narrator of the work, Zahra Hosseini? This essay, using an analytical-descriptive method and inspired by Max Weber's theory of social action, which includes four types of action (1- rational, goal-oriented, 2- rational, value-oriented, 3- emotional or passive, 4- traditional), deals with the rational, value-oriented component of the narrator's character Da, with attention to (motive, perception, and goal). The results of this study show that the character's rational action appears to be completely meaningful and responsible in the aftermath of the events of the story, and its content, as a force, affects the audience's motivation, belief, and action.